Variantes genéticas del SARS-CoV-2 y sus implicaciones clínicas

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, mutación, farmacorresistencia viral.

Resumen

El SARS-CoV-2, agente causal de la actual pandemia de la COVID-19, va sufriendo mutaciones como consecuencia de su ciclo evolutivo, lo que ha originado diferentes variantes genéticas, que han sido agrupadas en dos categorías: preocupante (alfa o británica, beta o sudafricana, gamma o brasileña y delta o india) y de interés (lamdba, mu, épsilon, eta, iota, kappa, zeta, theta); estas conllevan implicaciones clínicas en la transmisibilidad, virulencia y resistencia del SARS-CoV-2 a la inmunidad natural y adquirida, lo que representa un serio desafío para los servicios de salud en todo el mundo. En este artículo se describen dichas variantes genéticas, con énfasis en su probable impacto clínico, y además se plantea la posibilidad de que aparezcan otras, como fenómeno natural en la evolución de los virus.

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Biografía del autor/a

Alexander Expósito Lara, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba

Especialista en Medicina Crítica y Emergencias. Máster en Urgencias Médicas. Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador.

Gisela Eduarda Feria Díaz, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba

Especialista de Primer Grado en Medicina General Integral Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador.

Sonia Noemí González Benítez, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba

Especialista de Primer Grado en Microbiología. Máster en Enfermedades Infecciosas.  Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador.

Pedro Enrique Miguel Soca, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. Holguín

Profesor Auxiliar de Morfofisiología y Bioquímica Clínica. Máster en Medicina Bioenergética y Natural. Especialista de Grado Grado en Bioquímica Clínica. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, Cuba.

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Publicado

2021-12-08

Cómo citar

1.
Expósito Lara A, Feria Díaz GE, González Benítez SN, Miguel Soca PE. Variantes genéticas del SARS-CoV-2 y sus implicaciones clínicas. MEDISAN [Internet]. 8 de diciembre de 2021 [citado 1 de junio de 2025];25(6):1424-46. Disponible en: https://medisan.sld.cu/index.php/san/article/view/3878

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