Desigualdades en el acceso al agua segura y cuidados de Enfermería
Palabras clave:
water; care; inequality; nursing; gender; Africa; AngolaResumen
El acceso al agua segura constituye un determinante esencial clave de la salud y del bienestar social. Las desigualdades en disponibilidad y calidad del agua afectan de forma desproporcionada a mujeres y niñas, quienes asumen la mayor parte del trabajo relacionado con el abastecimiento y gestión del recurso. Por ello analizar, mediante una revisión bibliográfica, cómo las desigualdades en el acceso al agua segura, el enfoque de género y el cuidado de Enfermería inciden de forma desproporcionada en la disponibilidad y gestión del agua, a partir de síntesis narrativa de estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2024. Se consultaron bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales, transversales y ensayos controlados que evaluaron indicadores de salud, carga de trabajo no remunerado y aspectos psicosociales asociados con el acceso al agua y el género. El acceso limitado y la mala calidad del agua se asocian con enfermedades infecciosas, carga física y estrés en mujeres. En Cuito Bie, mujeres y niños transportan agua desde pozos o ríos, lo que incrementa riesgos sanitarios y físicos. Se requiere fortalecer la acción de Enfermería en educación sanitaria, prevención y promoción de higiene. La desigualdad en acceso al agua constituye un problema estructural de salud con efectos diferenciados por género. Garantizar disponibilidad y calidad equitativas del agua y considerar la perspectiva de género permiten mejorar la salud y el cuidado.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ydalsys Naranjo Hernandez
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