Aspects to consider for the diagnosis of infant keratoconus
Keywords:
child, keratoconus, astigmatism, myopia, refractive errors, corneal topography.Abstract
Introduction: Globally, there is an increase of the keratoconus prevalence and its diagnosis in early ages. A great number of subclinical cases and others with a quick progression are notified, conditioned by the early onset of the disease and the association with risk factors.
Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects and the result of diagnostic means involved in the early detection of infant keratoconus.
Development: There are elements that alert the presence of a keratoconus as a cause of the refractive defect in children with ametropia. From the epidemiologic point of view they are: geographical distribution, heredity role and environmental factors. History of previous diseases are clinically pointed out, such as allergies, myopia or myopic astigmatism with refractive instability and the clinical signs related to cone progression. In risk patients it is necessary to carry out exams by means of different diagnostic means according to their availability, being essential the refractive, keratometric and topographic analysis.
Conclusions: In the evaluation of children with ametropia, epidemiological and clinical elements should be taken into account that allow to suspect and early diagnose the keratoconus. In the interpretation of results of the diagnostic means involved in their detection the most frequent findings in the infant population, should be considered according to the ectasia degree of progression.Downloads
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References
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8. Barraquer Coll C, Barrera Rodríguez R, Molano González N. Prevalencia de pacientes con queratocono en la Clínica Barraquer en Bogotá, Colombia. Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol. 2020 [citado 10/03/2023];53(1):17-23. Disponible en: https://www.revistasco.com/previos/RSCO%20_%20Volumen%2053%20-%20A%C3%B1o%202020/N%C3%BAmero%201%20_%20Enero%20-%20Junio/rsco_20_53_1_017-023.pdf
9. Bauza Fortunato Y, Veitía Rovirosa ZA, Pérez Candelaria EC, Montero Díaz E, Cuan Aguilar Y, Góngora Torres C. Catarata y queratocono: una sorpresa refractiva. Rev. cuba. oftalmol. 2019 [citado 05/03/2023];32(1):e684. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revcuboft/rco-2019/rco191p.pdf
10. Youn Moon J, Lee J, Hyung Park Y, Park EC, Hyung Lee S. Incidence of keratoconus and its association with systemic comorbid conditions: a nationwide cohort study from South Korea. J Ophthalmol. 2020 [citado 23/12/2021]. Disponible en: https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC7152955&blobtype=pdf
11. Pérez Vázquez N, González Pérez NA, Castillo Bermúdez G, Lima León CE, Del Sol Fabregat LA. Pacientes con queratocono atendidos en la Consulta de Cirugía refractiva. Acta médica del centro. 2020 [citado 25/02/2023];14(4):423-31. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/amdc/v14n4/2709-7927-amdc-14-04-423.pdf
12. Anitha V, Vanathi M, Raghavan A, Rajaraman R, Ravindran M, Tandon R. Pediatric keratoconus. Current perspectives and clinical challenges. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 [citado 01/12/2021];69(2):214-25. Disponible en: https://researchgate.net/profile/Murugesan-Vanathi/publication/348596211_Pediatric_keratoconus_-_Current_perspectives_and_clinical_challenges/links/609b6384299bf1ad8d954de7/Pediatric-keratoconus-Current-perspectives-and-clinical-challenges.pdf
13. Rojas Álvarez E. Queratocono en edad pediátrica: características clínico-refractivas y evolución. Centro de Especialidades Médicas Fundación Donum, Cuenca, Ecuador, 2015-2018. Rev Mex Oftalmol. 2019 [citado 16/11/2021];93(5):221-32. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revmexoft/rmo-2019/rmo195a.pdf
14. Pacheco Faican A, Cervantes Anaya L, Iñiguez E. Actualización de las conductas a seguir en el tratamiento del queratocono. Salud Cienc Tecnol. 2022 [citado 10/03/2023];2(S1):216. Disponible en: https://revista.saludcyt.ar/ojs/index.php/sct/article/view/216/388
15. Mukhtar S, Ambati BK. Pediatric keratoconus: a review of the literature. Int Ophthalmol. 2018 [citado 14/10/2021];38(5):2257-66. Disponible en: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856649/pdf/nihms949610.pdf
16. Cung LX, Nga DM, Ngan ND, Hiep NX, Thai TV, Nga VT, et al. Penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in Vietnamese patients. Maced J Med Sci. 2019 [citado 24/02/2023];7(24):4287-91. Disponible en: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084045/pdf/OAMJMS-7-4287.pdf
17. Crawford AZ, Zhang J, Gokul BOptom A, McGhee ChNJ, Ormonde SE. The Enigma of Environmental Factors in Keratoconus. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2020 [citado 09/03/2023];9(6):549-56. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162098923001627
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Published
2024-04-18
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Castro Cárdenas K, Mayea Díaz DY, Zayas Ribalta Y, Fernández Cuevas A. Aspects to consider for the diagnosis of infant keratoconus. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 18 [cited 2025 May 25];28(2):e3942. Available from: https://medisan.sld.cu/index.php/san/article/view/3942
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