Predictors of heart failure in patients hospitalized due to acute coronary síndrome
Keywords:
insuficiencia cardíaca; síndrome coronario agudo; factores de riesgo; prevención; predictores independientes; cardiopatía isquémica.Abstract
Introduction: Heart failure is an important cause of disability and death in patients with acute coronary syndrome, identifying associated factors facilitates risk stratification and the design of prevention strategies.
Objective: To identify factors associated to the development of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Method: A clinical and echocardiographic characterization was carried out in a prospective cohort study of 340 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated at the Carlos Manuel de Cespedes Hospital in Bayamo, from February, 2022 to June, 2024, bivariate analysis and binary logistical regression were applied to determine independent factors with p <0.05.
Results: The incidence of heart failure was 29.4%, with a mean age of 60.4 ± 12.7 years. Seven factors were independently associated with the development of heart failure: nicotine addiction (adjusted OR 5.1), hemoglobin ≤ 100 g/L (OR 4.2), left ventricular mass index 80 g/m² (OR 3,3), age≥ 65 years (OR 3.2), dyslipemia (OR 2.1), estimated pressure and indexed volume of left atium≥ 12 mmHg (OR 2.7) and≥ 22 mL/m² (OR 2.1), respectively.
Conclusion: Nicotine addiction, severe anemia, elevated left ventricular mass index, advanced age, dyslipemia and structural-functional dysfunction of the left atrium, are independent factors that increase the risk of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome. These findings support the creation of predictive models that allow for early stratification and individualized management, what contributes to improve the prognosis and reduce the related morbimortality.
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